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The current research on cation-intercalation and conversion-type cathode materials for rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) is discussed in this critical review. The experimental evidence for Al 3+ intercalation in transition metal oxides, chalcogenides, MXene, and Prussian blue analogues in both chloroaluminate ionic liquids and aqueous electrolytes is analyzed to identify the true reaction mechanisms. Chevrel phase molybdenum sulfide (Mo 6 S 8 ) is the only proven intercalation material for RABs with unambiguous evidence, different understandings of the Al 3+ intercalation mechanism in Mo 6 S 8 are discussed. For conversion-type cathode materials, the discussion is focused on the conversion mechanism of metal chalcogenides, and the unique reversible oxidation mechanism of sulfur and selenium enabled by the chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolytes. The reaction mechanisms of organic cathode materials are also discussed. 

This minireview provides a concise overview on the development of electrolytes for rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries. It elucidates the intrinsic driving force of the evolution from Grignard-based electrolytes to electrolytes based on simple Mg salts. Additional discussion includes the key electrochemical processes at the interfaces in Mg electrolytes, with a focus on unaddressed issues and future research directions.